E Surty: UNESCO Human Rights Education Award Ceremony

25 May 2007

Vice Chancellor, Professor Callie Pistorius
Chairperson of the International Jury of the UNESCO Prize, Professor Abdeltafah
Amor
Representatives from UNESCO Headquarters in Paris
Dean of the Faculty of Law, Professor Christof Heyns
Director of the Centre for Human Rights, Professor Norman Taku
Heads of missions
Members of the diplomatic corps
Senior members of staff of the University of Pretoria
Representatives of other South African universities
Representatives of the Department of Education
Members of the media
Ladies and gentlemen

It is indeed very appropriate that we are meeting here today to focus on
human rights and human rights education, because today is Africa Day. This day,
25 May, is a special day in Africa as it is celebrated throughout the continent
as liberation day. Many African countries commemorate the hard fought
achievement of their freedom from European colonial powers on this day. The
dawn of independence in many African countries was dramatic on 25 May 1963 the
Organisation of African Unity (OAU) was formed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to
mark cooperation and progress on the continent. The theme of this year's
celebration is indeed very appropriate to our discussion here today,
"Integration and the Movement of People on the African Continent".

It is a pleasure for me to be addressing you on this auspicious occasion.
Permit me to acknowledge, in absentia, the superior task so ably discharged by
the Director-General of UNESCO, Mr Koichiro Matsuura in choosing the
prizewinners and the candidates distinguished by an honourable mention
following the proposal of the international jury. Your presence here today is a
testament to the immense significance that UNESCO attaches to human rights
education prize as a celebration of the universal declaration of human rights
as well as to human rights education in general. I am also aware of the fact
that since this prize was established in 1978 to mark the 30th anniversary of
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and to honour efforts of
organisations or individuals who made an exemplary contribution to the
advancement of knowledge on human rights and building a universal culture of
human rights, it is the first time that a South African institution has been
awarded this prize.

By being accorded this accolade the spotlight turns to the Centre of Human
Rights' illustrious track record of involvement in the momentous events and
processes that shaped our national democratic revolution. In this regard the
role that members of the centre played in participating in meetings with the
liberation movements outside the borders of South Africa comes to mind. They
organised conferences and participated in efforts to promote human rights in
South Africa and during the transition some members of the centre served as
technical advisors during both the interim and final Constitution writing
process. Their contribution would forever remain immortalised in the South
African Constitution including its Bill of Rights.

Whilst many organisations would have been contented to rest on their laurels
that history had bequeathed on them and silently slipped into oblivion, the
Centre for Human Rights seems to buck the trend. For a cursory appraisal of the
activities of the centre reveals a plethora of worthy engagements in diverse
spheres of education on the domestic front and internationally. One is
particularly gratified by the fact that the centre has established itself as an
authoritative paragon of human rights education both within the country as well
as on the continent by building up a veritable network with other academic
institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and multilateral
organisations.

I therefore want to firstly to congratulate the Centre of Human Rights at
the University of Pretoria for winning the 2006 UNESCO prize for human rights
education in the same year when it celebrates its 20th anniversary. This is
indeed a very important and appropriate commendation for the institution's
sterling efforts to promote human rights and respect for fundamental freedoms
in South Africa and indeed throughout the continent. This accolade brings into
sharp focus the foresight that people of the calibre of Professor Johann van
der Westhuizen a founder director of the centre, who is now a Constitutional
Court judge as well as Professor Christoffel Hendrik Heyns Dean of the faculty
of law had, when this institution was established in the faculty of law of the
University of Pretoria in 1986 in open defiance against the apartheid system of
the time.

After centuries of racial and colonial oppression, South Africans of all
colour and creed chose freedom and justice, rejecting retribution and hatred.
As a nation we rejected the Nuremberg option and chose the un-travelled route
of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). The pursuit of a culture of
tolerance and respect for human rights exacted a huge price in the collective
psyche of our nation as the horrors of our past were painfully exposed under
the glare of the media. The depth of the human suffering and pain expressed at
the public hearings of the commission was overwhelming. But the record of human
generosity and capacity of those willing to forgive after listening to the
horrific incidents that tore loved ones away must serve as a lesson to all of
us to never again tolerate any system that degrades and dehumanises others.

Having journeyed from a past so riddled with inequality and inhumanity we as
South Africans are firmly resolved to ensure that our achievements during the
last decade in creating a global human rights system predicated on values of
universal justice and human solidarity are actualised in all spheres of the
state. Our Constitution so intimately associated with the work of the Centre
for Human Rights, in which is enshrined the noble principles of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights that state that "all human beings are born free and
equal, both in dignity and in rights" is a significant warranty against any
abuse of human rights. Freedom and democracy are also central elements of our
constitution, which is respected internationally as one of the most progressive
in the world.

We as South Africans subscribe to the view expressed by Mr Kofi Annan, the
former United Nations Secretary-General when he pointed out that, "Human rights
are foreign to no culture and native to all nations that they are thus
universal, that one cannot pick and choose among human rights whether civil,
cultural, social, economic or political for a fundamental feature of these
rights is their universality, indivisibility, interdependence and
interrelatedness."

Despite the achievement of a peaceful transition in South Africa, we
recognise that there is much work to be done in order to achieve the values
enshrined in our Constitution. Education has a key role to play in safeguarding
and strengthening these values and we should do much more to broaden this role
of education in our country, the continent and indeed the entire globe. I
believe that human rights education in particular has a powerful role to play
in promoting and strengthening these values. Affirmation of the human rights of
all our citizens has conferred on government the enormous responsibility of
ensuring that operations flowing from our programmes are impelled by this
objective. In practice this has meant that the right to education by the
poorest of the poor be secured through government interventions such as,
amongst others, free provision of basic education through "no fee schools" as
well as militating against malnutrition and hunger through the provision of
meals at primary schools.

The biggest challenge to human rights and human rights education across the
globe today is to relate the philosophy and guiding principles of human rights
to the daily realities of the lives of ordinary people.

The world we live in today is also in many respects more fractious, more
fragmented and more conflict ridden than a decade ago. Bombs shattering an
entire village of wedding-goers in rural Afghanistan, aeroplanes becoming
deadly missiles launched into buildings occupied by ordinary working men and
women in New York, desperate men and women strapping explosives to their young
bodies to kill and maim, bombs that are left on trains and in train stations
targeting defenceless children on their way to school, refugees on leaking
boats refused asylum to face a certain death on the open seas and people going
for days without food. These are the images of our world today and the global
realities that confront and test the values of democratic societies across the
globe as never before.

Human rights education is not an elixir for the ills of the world. We have
to be realistic about what education interventions can and cannot achieve.
Education alone is not enough to change the contradictions inherent in modern
societies. Education alone cannot and will not decrease the levels of
inequality and discrimination in the world.

It is important however that we do not become overwhelmed by the scale of
the challenge that confronts us. It is important that we recognise the
limitations of the work that we engage in but that we do not throw our hands up
in despair and admit defeat before we have begun.

I believe that what is necessary is a renewed commitment to human rights
education and a sober assessment of where we are at present and what we can and
must achieve. The question that comes to mind is, 'how do we close the gap
between the promise of human rights education and the realities of practice?'
Or put in the words of Martin Luther King Junior nearly 40 years ago, "How do
we make real the promise of democracy?" This question I believe goes to the
crux of this matter, "How do we move from policy to practice?"

Human rights education should be context specific and based on the realities
that confront us in our various communities. A one size fits all solution is
doomed to failure. Even within communities we need to be aware of and sensitive
to the regional and local variations.

Allow me to make two general points about what I think is necessary to meet
the promise of human rights education that contributes to social cohesion and
development. Firstly, human rights education has to be infused across the
curriculum from early childhood to higher education. I further believe that
human rights have to be specifically taught in a dedicated curriculum area
either as part of human and social sciences or history or life orientation.
Schoolchildren must at least have a basic knowledge of the very many
international treaties, laws and proclamations that guarantee basic human
rights to the citizens of the world and how these have developed over time.
Unless learners have a basic understanding of what human rights are, they will
not be able to defend their own or protect those of another.

But at the same time, the values and spirit of human rights cannot be
taught. They have to be modelled. It is probably imparted more through what we
do than what we say. I am reminded of the words of Justice O'Regan at the
Saamtrek Values Conference in Cape Town in 2000 when she said, "The manner in
which we teach probably does more to instil values than the subject matter of
what we teach."

The Centre for Human Rights at the University of Pretoria, in my view (and
indeed the view of the International Jury of the UNESCO prize for human rights
education) meets both these requirements. The centre is leading human rights
light on the African continent and can count amongst its alumni the leading
human rights lawyers and academics on the continent. The centre has since 1994
broadened its focus to the promotion of a greater awareness of human rights in
South Africa and the continent.

Today, we unanimously concur with the view expressed by former President
Nelson Mandela in relation to the Moot Court Competition when he observed that,
"One could hardly think of a better way to advance the cause of human rights
than to bring together students, who are the leaders, judges and teachers of
tomorrow from different countries with chief justices and professors to debate
some of the crucial issues of our time in the exciting and challenging
atmosphere of a courtroom, where they can test their arguments and skills
against one another in the spirit of fierce but friendly competition."

In South Africa a child comes of age (for most South Africans any way) at
the age of 21. With this wonderful award to the Centre of Human Rights being
celebrated in the 21st year of its existence, I cannot but think that it
symbolically marks the coming of age of this prestigious institution!

Congratulations and best wishes to all who are associated with the centre.
You are making all of South Africa proud.

I thank you!

Issued by: Department of Education
25 May 2007